Credit, market, and liquidity risks are forms of financial risks that market participants can typically manage through their trading activities. However, questions related to the need for law based risk management mechanisms arise when the financial positions in a given financial market become of systemic relevance. A systemic risk management mechanism that policymakers have employed to transfer financial risks from market participants to clearing agencies is the centralized

This article discusses what Ponzi Schemes are, their current scope, the regulatory landscape surrounding them, and how to avoid them. Definition and Background A Ponzi scheme is an investment fraud in which the schemer promises investors high returns on their investments in the short term with little or no risk, but in fact does not make any legitimate investments that produce income. Rather, in most cases, the schemer uses the funds contributed by new investors to pay existi